Understanding GST on Healthcare Services: Rates, Applicability & More

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) regime in India has simplified indirect taxation across various sectors, including healthcare. While essential healthcare services enjoy GST exemptions, certain medical services, diagnostic tests, and healthcare-related products attract GST at different rates.

This article provides a comprehensive guide on GST on healthcare services, including GST rates, exemptions, input tax credit (ITC) eligibility, and compliance requirements.

GST Applicability on Healthcare Services

1. GST-Exempt Healthcare Services

As per Notification No. 12/2017 – Central Tax (Rate), core healthcare services are exempt from GST. These include: ✔ Medical treatment services provided by hospitals, clinics, and nursing homes.
✔ Doctor consultations and medical diagnosis.
✔ Surgical procedures and hospitalization.
✔ Services provided by paramedics, physiotherapists, and nurses.
✔ Ambulance services.
✔ Blood bank and organ donation services.

Example: A patient undergoing surgery at a hospital does not have to pay GST on the medical services.

2. Healthcare Services Where GST is Applicable

While essential healthcare services are exempt, the following medical-related services attract GST:

Service Type	GST Rate	HSN Code
Cosmetic & Plastic Surgery (Non-Essential)	18%	999721
Hair Transplant & Botox Treatment	18%	999729
Medical Insurance Premiums	18%	–
Diagnostic Tests (If Independent Lab)	18%	9993
Healthcare Consulting Services	18%	9983
Medical Equipment Leasing	18%	9973
Medical Tourism (Foreign Patients)	18%	999799

✔ If a healthcare service is cosmetic or non-essential, it attracts 18% GST.
✔ If a hospital provides diagnostic services directly, it is GST-exempt.
✔ Independent diagnostic centers must charge 18% GST on testing services.

GST on Healthcare Products & Medicines

While healthcare services are mostly exempt, medical products, devices, and pharmaceuticals are subject to GST.

Healthcare Product	GST Rate
Essential Medicines (Life-Saving Drugs)	5% GST
General Medicines & Vaccines	12% GST
Medical Equipment (Ventilators, Dialysis, etc.)	12% GST
Hospital Furniture (Beds, Wheelchairs)	18% GST
Sanitary Napkins	12% GST
Ayurvedic & Homeopathic Medicines	12% GST
Oxygen & Related Medical Gases	5% GST

✔ Hospitals purchasing medical equipment must pay GST but cannot claim Input Tax Credit (ITC) on exempt healthcare services.

GST Registration for Healthcare Businesses

Who Needs to Register for GST in Healthcare? ✔ Hospitals & clinics: No registration is required if they provide only exempt services.
✔ Pharmacies & medical stores: Must register if turnover exceeds ₹20 lakh.
✔ Diagnostic centers & pathology labs: Must register and charge 18% GST on testing.
✔ Cosmetic surgery & wellness centers: Required to register and charge GST on non-essential procedures.
✔ Health insurance providers: Must charge 18% GST on premiums.

✔ Businesses exceeding ₹20 lakh annual turnover must register for GST.

Input Tax Credit (ITC) for Healthcare Providers

Can Hospitals and Clinics Claim ITC?

🚫 No ITC for Hospitals on Exempt Services: Since most healthcare services are GST-exempt, hospitals cannot claim ITC on GST paid for medical equipment and consumables.

✔ ITC for Taxable Services: If a hospital provides taxable services (cosmetic surgery, diagnostics, or pharmacy sales), ITC can be claimed for related expenses.

Scenario	ITC Allowed?
GST Paid on Medical Equipment for Exempt Services	❌ No
GST Paid on Medicines for Sale in Pharmacy	✅ Yes
GST Paid on Rent & Utilities for Exempt Services	❌ No
GST Paid on Diagnostic Equipment (Taxable Services)	✅ Yes

✔ Separate accounts for taxable and non-taxable supplies help in ITC claims.

GST Compliance & Invoicing in Healthcare

✔ Hospitals providing only exempt services do not need to issue GST invoices.
✔ Hospitals selling medicines or offering taxable services must issue proper GST invoices.
✔ Medical stores, diagnostic labs, and cosmetic clinics must file GST returns (GSTR-1, GSTR-3B).

Common GST Challenges in Healthcare

❌ Confusion between exempt and taxable services – Hospitals must separate records.
❌ ITC restrictions – Healthcare providers cannot claim ITC on exempt services.
❌ High GST on health insurance premiums – Affects affordability for patients.
❌ GST on diagnostic tests by independent labs – Leads to higher costs for patients.

✔ Proper GST classification ensures compliance and prevents legal issues.

FAQs for GST on Healthcare Services

1. Are hospitals required to register under GST?

If hospitals provide only exempt healthcare services, they do not need GST registration. However, if they sell medicines, diagnostic services, or cosmetic treatments, GST registration is required.

2. Do diagnostic labs have to charge GST?

Yes, independent diagnostic labs must charge 18% GST on pathology and radiology services.

3. Can hospitals claim ITC on GST paid for medical equipment?

No, hospitals providing exempt healthcare services cannot claim ITC on GST paid for medical equipment.

4. What is the GST rate on health insurance?

Health insurance premiums attract 18% GST.

5. Is GST applicable on ambulance services?

No, ambulance services are exempt from GST.

Conclusion

Understanding GST applicability on healthcare services is crucial for compliance and cost management. While essential medical services are GST-exempt, certain diagnostics, cosmetics, and medical equipment attract GST. Healthcare providers must carefully classify services, maintain records, and follow GST compliance guidelines.